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How are these values calculated?


Air travel1

Definition of short haul: less than		500	km
Definition of medium haul: less than		1600	km
Definition of long haul: more than		1600	km

Method of Travel	kg CO2 per passenger km	kg CO2 per passenger mile	1 km equals	0.6214	miles
UK short haul (approx.)	0.15	0.24	1 mile equals	1.6093	km
UK medium haul (approx.)	0.12	0.19
UK long haul (approx. )	0.11	0.18
1) Air travel definitions and factors are from the GHG Protocol Mobile Combustion Tool. The emissions factors for short and long haul flights are originally from UK DEFRA. The emissions factor for medium haul flights was derived, using an assumed distance of 1600 km and the following formulae. X+500y =.15500 for short haul X+5000y=.115000 for long haul Based on Emission Factors provided by UK DEFRA (Table 9, Annexes to Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, updated July 2005) for short haul and long haul flights http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/envrp/gas/ Note: these emissions factors are based on data from the UK.

Car travel

Size of Car	Units	Kg CO2 per unit
Small petrol (max. 1.4 litre engine)	miles	0.26
Small petrol (max. 1.4 litre engine)	km	0.16
Medium petrol (1.4 – 2.1 litre engine)	miles	0.30
Medium petrol (1.4 – 2.1 litre engine)	km	0.19
Large petrol (above 2.1 litres)	miles	0.35
Large petrol (above 2.1 litres)	km	0.22
Source: Emission Factors provided by UK DEFRA (Table 7, Annexes to Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, updated July 2005) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/envrp/gas/.

Size of Car	Units	Kg CO2 per unit
Small diesel (2.0 litre engine or under)	miles	0.26
Small diesel (2.0 litre engine or under)	km	0.16
Large diesel (Over 2.0 litre engine)	miles	0.31
Large diesel (Over 2.0 litre engine)	km	0.19
Source: Emission Factors provided by UK DEFRA (Table 8, Annexes to Guidelines for Company Reporting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, updated July 2005) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/envrp/gas/.

Fuel efficiency values
Size of car	miles per gallon (mpg)
New small gas/petrol/electric hybrid	56
Small gas/petrol, highway	32
Small gas/petrol, city	26
Medium gas/petrol, highway	30
Medium gas/petrol, city	22
Large gas/petrol, highway	25
Large gas/petrol, city	18
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)	21
Diesel	24
Source: miles per gallon for typical vehicles based on averages from US EPA 2001 Guide. http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions